The remarkable developments in technologies in the past decade have enabled the creation of completely new material-based and optically-based quantum systems. These systems have unusual and exotic properties that are intimately associated with their quantum nature. Examples are quantum-computing and quantum-optics systems, complex quantum systems in granular media, and strongly correlated quantum systems (including BCS-BEC crossover in trapped Fermi gases, and possible quantum critical behaviour in 2D electron layers). The stunning experimental achievements in these areas have created exciting opportunities for theory, stimulating new theoretical approaches, new theories, and new computational methods. This meeting aims to promote and explore common ground spanning the new ideas and principles emerging from these phenomena, all of which are related by dominance of quantum effects.