Since the first Bose-Einstein condensate of ultracold atomic gases was realized experimentally in 1995, the emerging research field of ultracold quantum gases has been extremely active and has expanded in many different directions. In particular, new areas of research are forming at the borderlines between atomic and molecular physics, quantum optics, and condensed matter physics. The main goal of the Bad Honnef Physics School is to provide a solid introduction to the field of ultracold quantum gases, which will be delivered by internationally recognized experts of the field.